How has the interplay between state-led capitalism/Sheikhdom and private sector initiatives shaped Dubai into a global hub?
Project Author
Issue Date
2025-04-28
Authors
Cheema, Faaris
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First Reader
Nonnenmacher, Tomas W.
Additional Readers
Yusuf, Aisha
Keywords
Dubai , economics , state-led capitalism , sheikhdom , Resource Curse Theory , Human Capital Theory , Developmental State Theory , Dutch Disease , rent-seeking behavior , economic growth , emirates , DXB , tourism , CEPA , UAE , UAE Royal Family , Abu Dhabi , Dubai International Financial Centre , Jebel Ali Freezone , JAFZA , luxury
Distribution
Abstract
Dubai’s meteoric rise from a trading port to a global hub is a story of visionary leadership, bold governance, and strategic innovation. At the heart of this transformation lies a central question: How has the interplay between centralized governance and private-sector dynamism propelled Dubai onto the world stage? This research delves into the mechanisms behind Dubai’s success, uncovering a model that blends state-led capitalism with entrepreneurial ambition to create a global hub that is a blueprint for sustainable economic growth.
The UAE’s ruling families, the Al Maktoums in Dubai and the Al Nahyans in Abu Dhabi, have masterfully orchestrated Dubai’s ascent. Through centralized planning and strategic investments, they have transformed the emirate into a powerhouse of tourism, trade, real estate, and finance. Institutions like the Supreme Petroleum Council and state-owned enterprises have ensured resource efficiency and political stability, while free trade zones and public-private partnerships have unleashed a wave of innovation and foreign investment.
Dubai’s tourism sector is a testament to this success. From the iconic Burj Al Arab to the sprawling Palm Jumeirah, the emirate has redefined luxury travel. Emirates Airlines, a crown jewel of Dubai’s aviation strategy, has connected the city to over 150 destinations, making it a global transit hub. Meanwhile, Jebel Ali Port, the largest man-made harbor in the world has cemented Dubai’s role as a linchpin of global trade, particularly through initiatives like CEPA - Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreements. The real estate sector, though tested by the 2008 financial crisis, has rebounded stronger, driven by government reforms and a surge in foreign investment. In finance, the Dubai International Financial Centre (DIFC) and the growth of Islamic banking have positioned the city as a leader in ethical and innovative financial services.
Yet, Dubai’s journey is not without its challenges. The emirate’s rapid development has raised concerns about environmental sustainability, cultural authenticity, and over-reliance on high-end tourism. External threats, such as regional instability and global economic shifts, also loom large. To maintain its edge, Dubai must continue to innovate, diversify, and balance growth with preservation.
This research analyses the interplay between Dubai’s governance model–which is a unique blend of centralized authority, competitive leadership–and business-friendly policies have synergistically created a global hub. Its story is one that is not just one of economic success but also a testament to the power of strategic vision and adaptability in an ever-changing global landscape.
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Chair
Major
Economics
Department
Business and Economics