Partial Tidal Disruptions of Main-sequence Stars by Intermediate-mass Black Holes
Project Author
Issue Date
2023-05-10
Authors
Kiroglu, Fulya
Lombardi, James C., Jr. (Jamie)
Kremer, Kyle
Fragione, Giacomo
Fogarty, Shane
Rasio, Frederic A. A.
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Keywords
Hydrodynamical simulations , Tidal disruption , Transient sources , Globular star clusters , Intermediate-mass black holes
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Abstract
We study close encounters of a 1 M (circle dot) middle-age main-sequence star (modeled using MESA) with massive black holes through hydrodynamic simulations, and explore in particular the dependence of the outcomes on the black hole mass. We consider here black holes in the intermediate-mass range, M (BH) = 100-10(4) M (circle dot). Possible outcomes vary from a small tidal perturbation for weak encounters all the way to partial or full disruption for stronger encounters. We find that stronger encounters lead to increased mass loss at the first pericenter passage, in many cases ejecting the partially disrupted star on an unbound orbit. For encounters that initially produce a bound system, with only partial stripping of the star, the fraction of mass stripped from the star increases with each subsequent pericenter passage and a stellar remnant of finite mass is ultimately ejected in all cases. The critical penetration depth that separates bound and unbound remnants has a dependence on the black hole mass when M (BH) less than or similar to 10(3) M (circle dot). We also find that the number of successive close passages before ejection decreases as we go from the stellar-mass black hole to the intermediate-mass black hole regime. For instance, after an initial encounter right at the classical tidal disruption limit, a 1 M (circle dot) star undergoes 16 (5) pericenter passages before ejection from a 10 M (circle dot) (100 M (circle dot)) black hole. Observations of periodic flares from these repeated close passages could in principle indicate signatures of a partial tidal disruption event.
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Department
Physics
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© 2023. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society. Original content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 licence. Any further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI.
Citation
Fulya Kıroğlu et al 2023 ApJ 948 89
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Published article
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Publisher
IOP Publishing Ltd