eFkLLEGMENLY COLLEGE, MEADUILLE, pvcIt. • VOL. XI, NO. 3. OCTOBER, 27, 1894. THE CAMPUS. J. W. JOHNSON, Maadville Steam Laundry, Student's Trade Solicited.- Cor. Water and Arch Sts., Meadville, Pa. M. H. RE2FER 8T ZoNS, Leading Clothiers, Tailors and Haberdashers. 953 Water Street. OUR LATEST CHAS. S. SHERIFF. made to order suits are observed of all ob- servers, because they mark the highest style and the finest materials correct for Spring wear. Why wear what would fit somebody else much better than you ? Why not choose from the widest choice of materials, have a perfect fit and the best and most durable trimmings ? Whether for business or evening \vcar, our suitings are the correct thing. We cut from rigorously accurate measurements, and the makeup and finish of our suits carry the tailor's art to its highest perfection. We can always point with p ride to our suits, as worn by the best dressed men in Meadville, and good dressers point to them with unstinted praise. Our $25 suits are of very fine quality. CARRIAGE NO. 3. Leave orders at Ballinger's Drug Store. Telephone No. 5. Eureka Springs Hotel. HEALTH AND PLEASURE, 2 4 5 Chestnut St., Meadville, Pa. F. G. PRENATT, 220 CHESTNUT ST. Formerly Occupied by Wallace & Flynn. Saegerto -vvn, Pa. A. ORRIS & SON, Merchant Tailors, Clothiers & Furnishers, J . G. LINDEMAN, DRUGGIST, 912 Water Street, Meadville, Pa. THE CAMPUS. FK. EASTERWOOD, DR. JACOBS. PRESCRIPTION DRUGGIST. Pure Drugs and Medicines. Imported, Domestic and Key 223 Chestnut Street, Meadville, Pa. West Cigars. Pure Soda and Mineral Waters. Night Bell at Door. S. E. Cor. Park Ave. and Chestnut St., Meadville, Pa Office Hours-9 to to a. m., 2 to 4 p. m. and 7 to 8 p. m. THE FINEST ICE CREAM and SODA WATER IN THE CITY. LEADING DRUGGIST, A. L. BALLINGER, Phoenix Pharmacy, Physician's Prescriptions Carefully Compounded. Huyler's Candies. Cor. Water and Chestnut Streets, Meadville, Pa. DR. J. FERGUSON, Office, over 246 Chestnut Street, Meadville, Pa. ALVAH JOHNSTON, D. D. S., Dental Rooms on Ground Floor. Park Avenue, Third Door South of Chestnut Street, OFFICE HOURS : 8:30 a.m. to 12:3o p.m., 1:30 to 5 p.m. DR. C. C. HILL, EYE, EAR, NOSE AND THROAT. Near Diamond Square, Meadville, Pa. GLASSES ADJUSTED. D . C. DUNN AND W. C. DUNN, DENTISTS, Magaw Block, corner Water and Chestnut Streets, Meadville, Pa. GO TO C. P. HARRIS FOR CROICE FLOUR. 907 Market Street, Opposite Market House. Meadville, Pa. OFFICE HOURS: 9 10 12 and 2 10 5 CELEBRATED CANDIES. W. S. TROWBRIDGE. GEO. HECKELER, JR., DEALER IN Fine Candies and Cigars, Corner Park Avenue and Randolph Street. J . W. BYERS, CARRIAGES. Leave orders at Lindeman's Drug Store. Telephone 88. A F. WELSBACHER. First-class Work in line of Barbering. Under Easterwood's P . MILLER, DEALER IN FINE BOOTS AND SHOES Of the Latest Styles. Callender's Old Stand, Water St., Meadville, Pa. EILER'S ACADEMY DRUG STORE. The Finest Soda Water Fountain in the City. Will be running all Winter. V. W. EILER, Proprietor. Academy of Music Building, Meadville, Pa. CHAS. STOLZ, DEALER IN Flour, Feed, Grain and Seeds. 992 Water Street, Meadville, Pa. THE CAMPUS. DR. C. ELLIOTT. Cor. Chestnut St. and Park Ave., Meadville, Pa. F. J. BEIERSCHMITT & CO., HEADQUARTERS FOR FINE SHOES, 918 Water Street. F. E. VAN PATTON, Watches and Diamonds a Specialty. 281 Chestnut Street, Meadville, Pa. GEORGE D. TRAWIN, FOREIGN AND DOMESTIC DRY GOODS, 904 and 906 Water Street, Meadville, Pa. pl-ICENIX BAKERY, W. T. GRIFFITHS, Proprietor. Creams and Ices in Season. Wedding Cakes a Specialty. 249 Chestnut Street, Meadville, Pa. BEN. LEE, LAUNDRY. No. 289 Chestnut St. FOR FINE TABLE GROCERIES GO TO BENDER'S, 248 Chestnut Street. KEPLER HOUSE. OPPOSITE MARKET HOUSE, Market Street, Meadville, Pa. FRENCH STEAM DYEING AND CLEAN- ING ESTABLISHMENT. JULIUS CLAUDE, Proprietor. South Water Street, Meadville, Pa. DR. H. C. CARROLL, DENTIST. Office, Phoenix Block, first door left of Stairs. Meadville, Pa. W HECK1VIAN, JEWELER, Watches, Silverware and Novelties. Water Street. . H. SMITH, Crockery, China, Glass and Silverware, Lamps and Bric-a-brac. 208 Chestnut Street, Meadville, Pa. JENKS, FINE JEWELRY, Corner Water and Chestnut Streets. LIVERY AND FEED STABLE, G. SCHRECK, Proprietor. New Brick, First-Class Rigs, Reasonable Rates, Best Stable in the City. 220 Arch Street, MEADVILLE, PA, GO TO I. E. HALL'S For the Finest Photographs. 208 Arch St., MEADVILLE, PA. THE CAMPUS. 5 vessel. It is fitting that we should honor those heroic souls with the best homage of our hearts. We might continue to enumerate heroes and heroines who have had hair-breadth escapes and many who have given their lives to save loved ones and oftentime strangers. Yet there are hundreds of courageous souls living in obscurity who have made as brave a fight as e'er was made by knight of old, whose heroism is still unsung in song and untold in story. It is even untold by those among whom they live, it is not considered extraordinary because they are accustomed to it and expect nothing else. Their weapons are not the sword and gun but the courageous spirit who seemingly has to fight against fate and the horny hand hardened by arduous toil. Such is the one of whom I would write. Caroline Ackerman was born and reared amid surroundings that would have discouraged and blighted the life of a less courageous spirit than hers. Her father was a shiftless, lazy, illnatured creature whose aim in life seemed to be only to exist. Ignorant as people can possibly be, he thristed not for knowledge. Content to let the days go by, just so his stomach was satisfied and his tranquility was not disturbed. Had he been mated to an energetic wife during his youth she might have roused him to some action ; but his wife was of a gentle, easy going nature, quietly accept- ing what came, making their limited resources reach as far as possible. She came of a rather genteel family and was fairly educated. In fact she had been a school teacher and it seemed strange how she ever came to marry shiftless John Ackerman unless she was past the ancient age of twenty-five and drifting hopelessly into the much dreaded state of old maid- ism so much avoided in those days. While John Ackerman was short and fat, his wife slender and thin, Line resembled neither. Though she had been given the stately name of Caroline in her babyhood, she was not allowed to bear the dignity of being called by it except- ing when addressed by her mother ; but when requests or commands were uttered by other members of her family—which occurred often —she was invariably called Line. She was of medium height but ungainly in form. Possibly had she had the freedom of other children she might have had a more graceful form. But from the time she was large enough to do the most trifling domestic task she was accus- tomed to hard work. Her hair was course and frizzy and combed back from her forehead and twisted in a tight knot at the back of her head. This gave her protruding blue eyes a more prominent appearance than ever. The pecu- liarity of her personal appearance was in no way detracted from, by her dress which was extremely eccentric to say the least. She was the eldest of three children. Jim, her brother, was two years her junior and Della, the baby and pet, was correspondingly younger than he. Line helped her mother with her household duties and looked after the few chickens and their only pig. The mother was a delicate woman and her time was occupied and her strength exhausted by caring for the younger children and her household duties, so she could give Line no instruction. One winter before John lost quite all his manhood, she went to school and that was all the education the poor girl received. In that time she learned to read by laboriously spelling the larger words and sometimes giving them an original pronuncia- tion, and could write so one could, by guessing part of it, interpret her meaning. As Line grew older she understood raising garden. Instead of John plowing the ground as he should have done, she spaded, hoed and raked with her young strength and he permitted it. She watched the young plants with protecting care and solicitiously and conscientiously routed the weeds. She usually had a fairly good gar- den. Sometimes Jack Frost menaced her early efforts, sometimes drouth tried to interfere but the sturdy courageous girl carried water from the spring and gave the thirsty plants to drink. They rewarded her by luxuriant growth 5 2 THE CAMPUS. and she was in this way enabled to provide much toward their comfortable living during the winter. John became so indolent that as Line grew older she was compelled to drive their miserable team (consisting of a bony old horse and the solitary cow they owned) to plow and harrow the ground for their little patch of corn and wheat. As Line realized that Jim was growing large enough to fill her place she felt the longing to have a broader life. One day as she followed the plow, drawn by her queer team, she suddenly resolved to try doing something to better their condition. So iso- lated was the girl's life she had fallen into the habit of talking aloud as to a companion. This spring day she felt the contagion of the spirit that was throbbing all nature. Birds were busy building homes, trees were being clothed in their verdant gowns, the early blossoms were peeping up from the green grass. All nature seemed so different from Line's home and life. As she walked along in the brown furrow she formed her plans and at last exclaimed aloud, addressing her team, " Yes, old fellows, I'll do it." [TO BE CONTINUED.] The change of singing books in chapel is very much appreciated by the students. The book now in use, is "E. 0. Excell's Triumphant Songs, No. 4," in which, besides a great many excellent pieces of music are some responsive services which will be made use of from time to time. The change in the order ofchapel exer- cises is a decided improvement. The choir has been remodeled and now has fifteen voices, five ofwhich are ladies. The introduction of anthems, quartets, etc., add very much to the service. Chapel seems now, as it should, to be a real service. May it ever be thus, and may we not be blessed (?) with those stale chapel speeches to which the student listens so discontentedly, especially when the watch-face says, dinner's holy hour. All actual heroes are essential men, and all men possible heroes.—Browning. Campus, ISSUED SEMI-MONTHLY BY THE STUDENTS. One Year, is.5o. In Advance $5.25. Single Copies, so Cents. EDITOR IN CHIEF, WILL. F. HOVIS, JR. BUSINESS MANAGER, -Cerr-24rr=C544#4•14•Frr..- ....Arsosicolkek4445=-- S. P. SCHIEK. ASSOCIATE EDITORS, J. M. WRIGHT. MAUD MAXWELL. LITERARY EDITORS, U. G. KETNER. BELLE HOWE. WILBUR TATE. LOCAL EDITORS. J. D. BRISON. A. L. IRVIN. VENA FENNO. I J. B. TOWNLEY. EXCHANGE EDITOR, D. G. LATSHAW. THE CAMPUS is forwarded to all subscribers until an ex- plicit order is received for its discontinuance, and until all arrearages are paid, according to law. Subscribers are requested to inform the Business Man- ager of any change of address. Address all business communications to C. A. Crane, Meadville, Pa. Summer address, Garrettsville, Ohio. ENTERED AT THE POSTOFFICE,IVIEADVLLE,PA., AS SECOND-CLASS MATTER As our motto is—" We aim not to mould public opinion but to scrape the mould off of it," we feel that we must apoligize for the super abundance of literary matter in the issue just preceding this.. Hereafter a larger portion of the paper will be devoted to Local News, Alumni Notes, Exchanges, etc.; perhaps does the publication of no paper regain the same care in the arrangement of matter as does the College paper. There comes a cry from one class of students, " give us lots of literary pro- duction "; from another, "increase the locals", and from still another, "give us more exchanges and alumni notes." The editorial staff is buffeted about as a "hen pecked hus- band" and has to fall back on the old maxim, please to do right then do as you please. No THE CAMPUS. 53 college in the land has more illustrious alumni than has Allegheny, and they justly deserve a prominent place in the memory of their "alma mater." A means of general information as regards these Beacon lights will be afforded through the colums of The CAMPUS, on the alumni of any institution depends its growth to a great extent. The alumni of Allegheny are dotted over all the land. They go out to carry the fame of the institution into every nook and corner of the world and to the living monu- ments of the work done here. The college has also a large number of organizations, the actions of which deserve a place in the locals. Then besides a great many personal locals necessary to add spice and humor would in themselves fill a volume. Then again in no other school are found stu- dents who possess more fertile minds, riper thoughts, or more real literary genius. The chief way of communication to the student mass is through the pages of the periodical. So it is evident that there is a vast field, every section of which deserves special mention. While the space for each department is very limited, hence arises a liability to criticise. It is the aim of The CAMPUS, "with charity toward all and malice toward none," to give each department a part and proportionate rep- resentation in its columns, and if any of you are wont to find fault, remember that it is one thing to theorize and another to put theory into practice. On Sunday, October 6, passed away another of America's greatest authors who as a writer of songs an I lyrics, both humorous and pathetic, stands in the first rank. Dr. Holmes was born in Cambridge, Mass., August 29, 1809. His early life was that of a student. Graduating at Harvard in 182 .9 he entered upon the study of law, which he soon abandoned for medicine, and in 1832 went to Europe to pur- sue his studies, passing several years in attend- ance on the hospitals of Paris and other large cities. He was afterwards chosen Professor of Anatomy and Physiology in Dartmouth College and in 1847 was selected to fill the same chair in the Medical College of Harvard University. During his early student life he attracted attention as a poet. He wrote for the Col- legian, a paper conducted by the undergradu- ates of Harvard University, and for several other periodicals. One of the poems which was published in the first collection was "Poetry, a Metrical Essay," which, in 1836, he read before the Phi Beta Kappa fraternity. His poems have passed through many editions since they first appeared in collected form, and have been published at different times in Eng- land. Of his patriotic lyrics few are likely to have a longer life than "Old Ironsides" and his "Last Leaf" is one of the most famous of those rare poems in which humor and pathos are successfully blended. His knowledge of so many professions freed him from the stiffness of the specialist. Born and bred in the midst of historic associations, Holmes had from the first a lively interest in American history and politics, and though possessed of strong humorous gifts, has often turned his song into patriotic channels. While the current of his literary life has been distinctly American, with his death has passed away a personage of which. America may well be proud. Perhaps there is no department of college life which is of greater importance to the stu- dent than his connection with a literary society. There he cultivates the mind by the use of original thought; and is trained in the power of extemporaneous speaking, so valuable to him when he leaves the college halls to meet the stern realities of life. Three such societies exist in this college, but it is a lamentable fact that the students in general do not take the interest that they should in the work. To be sure there are a few faithful ones who appreci- ate the advantage of these societies, but a great many go out from school without that ease 54 THE CAMPUS. that is acquired by constantly appearing before fellow students and receiving their wholesome criticism. The magic touch of time has again clothed nature with red and gold, and each falling leaf seems to have written on its face, " autumn days have come," and as we see the bare trees stripped of their gorgeous foilage, we are reminded that " winter days are drawing nigh." Of all the seasons of the year autumn is the most impressive. Having passed through all the joy of springtime and experienced all the gayety of " full fledged " summer, we arrive at the period where nature seems to wrap her cloak about her and lie down to dream till the gentle warmth of the springtime sun awakens her and causes her to spring up with new life. As the autumn frosts cause her to lay off the gay attire, on every hand we are reminded of change and decay. What lessons nature has in store for us ! Why, in all her various changes we can catch glimpses of a power, the work- ings of which are hazy to the finite mind. By what power does the poisonous vine, twining around the fruit tree, elaborate material of destruction from the same soil that the delicate coloring matter and juicy sweetness of the fruit is elaborated. To study the workings of nature is to study the Creator ; and there are lessons from nature which come to us every day, which, if rightly applied would make us more nearly fulfill the design of the Creator. Delta Eliete Convention. The Alpha province convention of Phi Delta Theta was held here with Pennsylvania Delta chapter last Thursday and Friday. This con- vention is held every two years and at alternate years with the national convention. Alpha province, which is one of the six provinces, is composed of seventeen chapters located in the New England states, New York and Pennsyl- vania. The following are the colleges and their representatives : Massachusetts Alpha, Colby University. D L. Flint New Hampshire Alpha, Portsmouth College I. J. Cox Vermont Alpha, University of Vermont.. C. W. Doton Massachusetts Alpha, Williams College W. S. Elder Massachusetts Beta, Amhurst T. B. Griswold Rhode Island Alpha, Brown University A. L. Eno New York Alpha, Cornell M. A. Seward Mew York Beta, Union University Beecher VanDusen New York Delta, Columbia College. E. J Reidener New York Epsilon, Syracuse University__ H. M. Hubbard Pennsylvania Alpha, Lafayette College F. C. Kirpendall Pennsylvania Beta, Gettysburg College M. P. Maynard Pennsylvania Gamma, W. and J. College C. F. Reynolds Pennsylvania Delta, Allegheny College J. Merrill Wright Pennsylvania Epsilon, Dickinson College J. Frey Gilroy Pennsylvania Zeta, University of Pa H. N. June Pennsylvania Eta, Lehigh University... F. D. Hallock J. Clark Moore, president of the province, was here as was also W. W. Nichols, of Syra- cuse University. Thursday night a reception in Phcenix Hall was given the delegates to the convention by Pennsylvania Delta chapter. The hall was very artistically decorated with the aid of the young ladies. The Northwestern orchestra furnished the music and Trowbridge served refreshments. The reception was voted a grand success by all. Friday night the banquet was held at the Commercial hotel and was an exceedingly joyful windup of the con- vention. Following is the toast list : Toastmaster—J. Clark Moore, Jr., University of Pa. Our Fraternity, C. W. Doten, University of Vermont. Alpha Province, W. M. Nichols, Syracuse University. Pennsylvania Delta, A. C. Elliott, Allegheny College. Phi Girls, C. L. Reynolds, Washington and Jefferson. Phis in Athletics, H. M. Hubbard, Syracuse University. Pan-Hellenism, R. W. Darragh, Allegheny College. Phis in Law, J. Frey Gilroy, Dickinson College. Phis Down East, W. S. Elder, Williams College. Our Next National Convention, H. N. June, Uni. of Pa. Phis We Meet, T. L. Douthitt, Allegheny College. Phis in Politics, A. L. Eno, Brown University. W. H. Stenger, '90 ; R. W. Darragh, '93 F. A. Douthitt, '93 ; C. W. Miner, '81 ; E. W. Peck, '82 ; 0. R. Thomas '8o, were back here attending the Alpha province convention of Phi Delta Theta. THE CAMPUS. 55 Local. Chestnuts. The woods are full of them. Prof. Elliot has been sick in a hospital at Berlin. G. Foster was badly hurt by a fall on North Main street. Why don't you go to a dentist and have your eyes examined ? Miss Maun, of Tylersburg, Pa., is the latest arrival at Hulings Hall. Miss Mabel Confer spent Sunday a week ago at her home in Oil City. What is the matter with our football man- ager ? He is not Wright. Irwin was elected manager of the football team. Prather was elected captain. Hulings Hall calling hours, 6:45 to 7:3o p. m. Come early and avoid the rush. There are now thirty-eight young ladies in Hulings Hall, the largest number for some years. Mr. Louis Langley, of Warren, Pa., spent a day last week with his sister, Miss Myrna Langley. How would the Senior class of '95 look in caps and gowns next commencement ? Think about it. Dr. Hamnet to Chamberlain : Which would you prefer, to be as simple as you look or to look as simple as you are ? Freshman to Senior : Did you ever have a thought you could not express ? Senior : Yes, often. Why didn't you send it by freight ? When Walker delivered his " maiden decla- mation " in Philo Society a smile was seen playing over the countenance of Elliott on the bust of Plato. At Philo Society. Billings, acting as a sub- stitute for Crawford in debate, remarked as he took the floor, " I can fill his place, I guess." The society took his word for it. Dr. Thomas objects to sleeping in a second class coach. Mixel, Todd and McKay are singing in the Stone church choir. It has been suggested that Prof. Elliott would do well to take voice culture while in Berlin. While abroad Dr. Thomas spent two days with Dr. Feilds, a former professor at Alle- gheny, who is living in Paris. The Sophomores managed to get '97 chalked up on the west side of the chapel and also to paint "'Rah '97" on a harmless cow which was standing in a lot near by. During the night the daring Freshmen succeeding in putting up a flag with '98 painted on it. A guard was set over this standard until early in the morning, when the guard was overpowered by a detachment of Sophs, and the flag hauled down and immediately torn into shreds and distributed to the members of the Sophomore class, who triumphantly wore the pieces in their button holes and marched proudly over to chapel. At chapel everyone seemed anxious to have the exercises as short as possible in order to get out and watch the pending battle. Finally chapel was over and the Freshmen lined up at the foot of the stairs. The crowd of spectators gathered, when the contest began by one Sophomore making an attempt to seize a Freshman's colors. In a moment there were rushes made for the colors of both sides and in another moment the campus and street were filled with struggling members of the con- tending parties, the members of each class try- ing to get their opponent's colors and yet striving to save his own from being captured. For fully fifteen minutes the students struggled with might and main in this battle of class honor, and then each defiantly gave its class yell, thus ending one of the fiercest, yet most friendly battles ever fought. If " to the victors belong the spoils " then to the Freshmen belong the glory of the victory, as they held the most colors after the struggle. 56 THE CAMPUS. More noise is said to have been made in Hulings Hall dining room one evening than ever had been made when gentlemen boarded there. At Doud's club. Lindsey to Knapp : Are you any relation to Rev. Knapp, of Edinboro ? Andrews (interruptingly.) Are you any relation to " kidnap ? " The much expected class rush is now a thing of the past. Early Tuesday morning repre- sentatives of both classes were prowling around the Campus. Breakfast at Chamberlain's club. Crawford t© Walker. " Good morning, how are you feeling to-day ?" Pratt (interpolating.) That's right, stick up to him Walker. Don't be afraid of him. Class (Elections. SENIOR CLASS. The Senior election was conducted with that dignity and gravity which is characteristic of its members, and the selection of officers and positions of honor for next commencement, which is always attended with considerable interest, both to the classes and to the college, has been settled. The result of the election was as follows : President, W. C. Swearer; vice-president, Miss Rose ; treasurer, H. M. Berkhouse ; secretary, Horace McKinney; salutatorian, J. M. Wright; orator, F. W. Merchant ; ladder orator, Miss Roddy ; historian, F. Leroy Homer ; poet, W. F. Hovis ; essayist, Miss Fenno ; prophet, Miss Campbell ; valedictorian, N. A. White. JUNIOR CLASS. The following is a list of the officers elected at the meeting of the Junior class: President, W. A. Wilson; vice-president, Miss Slater; secretary, Miss Trace; treasurer, U. G. Ketner; essay, Miss Kramer; poet, Miss Barber; replier, J. B. Townley; orator, F. H. Fritz; historian, Miss Davis; declaim, H. W. Goodwin. Yell—Hobble, Gobble, Razzle, Dazzle, Zip, Boom, Ah; 6 and '90. Allegheny, Rah, Rah, Rah! Colors—Light green and old gold. SOPHOMORE CLASS. At the annual meeting of the Sophomore class the election was very exciting, as the con- test between factions was very close. The fol- lowing officers were elected: President, C. E. Bordwell; vice-president, —. Lindsey; secreretary, Miss Froneyer; treasurer, —. —. Johnson; poet, Miss Bissell; declaimer, Miss Calvin, essayist, Miss Wilson; prophet, Miss Appleby; historian, —. Swaney; orator, —. —. Gee. Colors—Pink and black. Yell—Rickity, Rackety, Zip, Zum, Bah ! Sophomore, Sophomore, Rah, Rah, Rah ! FRESHMAN CLASS. The Freshman class elected the following officers: President, F. J. Bordwell; vice-president, Miss Grace Borland; secretary, H. F. Stratton; treasurer, F. H. McLaughlin; historian, Miss Mazie Coulter; essayist, Miss Anna Campbell; orator, Earl Faber; declaimer, L. Robbins; valedictorian, F. H. Mixell; poet, Miss Confer; prophet, Miss Maud Maxwell. Colors—Garnet and pale blue. Yell—One a Zip, Two a Zip, Zipa, Zipa, Zam. Sophomore, Sophomore, Lick us if you can. PREPARATORY DEPARTMENT. The Preparatory department elected the fol- lowing officers: President, Mr. Ellis; vice-president, Miss Sadie Moore; secretary, Miss Marie Davis; treasurer, Miss Mabel Heydrick; historian, Miss Gertrude Dunkle; essayist, Mr. Homer; orator, A. D. Jones; prophet, Emerson Jones; poet, G. R. McDowell. The annual promotions have been made and the battalion is now organized as follows : COMMISSIONED STAFF. Major, W. C. Swearer Capt. and Quartermaster, - H. W. Goodwin First Lieut. and Adjutant, - - J. M. Wright NON-COMMISSIONED STAFF. Drum Major, - - T. J. Bordwell Sergt. Major, George Grant Quartermaster Sergt, - J. R. Rich COMPANY A. Captain, F. L. Homer THE CAMPUS. 57 First Lieut, - U. G. Ketner Second Lieut. FL M. Berkhouse First Sergt. - W. E. Tobias COMPANY B. Captain, - H. S. Chamberlain First Lieut. I. L. Ohlman Second Lieut. W. H. Pratt First Sergt. Grant Morris COMPANY C. Captain, C. E. Birdwell First Lieut. S. P. Schiek Second Lieut. W. A. Wilson First Sergt. C. A. Porter J. H. Douds, A. W. Thornton, E. D. Good- win, C. A. Lefever, H. F. Stratton, A. L. Irvin, C. F. Stratton, E. H. Perry, and G. M. Gee were promoted to the rank of seargeant ; B. A. Horner, G. D. Helmick, C. B. Allen, B. S. Heintzleman, A. 0. Chapin, F. C. Billings, and A. W. Phillips to the rank of corporal. We are glad to note the progress of our Young Men's Christian Association and the impetus it gives to us in our Christian work. We believe with our president, Crawford, that a person on entering college should put "Christ and His kingdom first." In fact, the accomplishment we would most gladly have at the end of the race should be kept in promi- nence at the beginning, and in order to run well we must keep the prize in view. The trouble that sometimes arises, and the lamentable fact that we very often find ourselves in the midst of discouragements and doubts, is that we lose sight of the prize by becoming unfamiliar with it, our eyes blinded to its beauty, and our ears deaf to the hallelujahs of those in brighter hopes. We cannot expect to accomplish much in our college course without an effort. The same rule holds in the Christian world. Are we advancing or retrograding in our Christian experience? Can we not do more toward lift- ing up Christ in our college ? " The fields are ripe unto the harvest," and if we are to " Count that day lost whose slow descending sun View by our hands no nobler action done." Why, I am afraid we have lost many days already. Five weeks of this college term have passed, and comparatively little has been done towards perfecting our work. Where are our Bible Training Classes ? Has the Cabinet met this year ? Are the committees at work ? We believe there are yet many students in college who would join us if they were approached in the right spirit. Let us be on the alert and remember that " On a rough steep does virtue stand, And he who hopes to win the goal Must never falter, never tire, But on with sweat drops of the soul." We are glad to say that the editor of the CAMPUS has kindly offered us room for Y. M. C. A. notes. We hope by the next issue to be able to report definite work done. alumni. Darragh, '93, is reading law in Beaver. B. A. Heydrick, '93, is in Harvard this year. W. R. Murphy, '94, is reading law in Pitts- burg. E. W. Janes, '94, is traveling for a paint firm. Miss Stella Foot, '92, is at her home in Wattsburg, Pa. Miss Alice Crittenden, '92, is teaching at Union City, Pa. McQuiston, '87, of Oil City, visited his fra- ternity brothers. C. W. Miner, '82, attended the Phi Delta Theta convention. H. P. Johnson, '92, has charge of the schools of Johnstown, Pa. E. W. Stilson, '94, is teaching at Sugar Grove Academy. W. S. Douds, '94, is in McCormick Theolog- ical Seminary, Chicago, Ill. Herbert W. Rand, '92, is principal of the High School at Oil City, Pa. Miss Belle R. Watson, '93, has a position in the High School at New Castle, Pa. Harry K. Patchen, '93, is superintendent of the public schools of Mentor, Ohio. Miss Clara B. Howard, '94, holds a position in the public schools of Warren, Ohio. C. W. Virtue, '94, is attending the college of physicians and surgeons at Chicago, Ill. A. 0. Davis, '93, is in the medical depart- ment of the Western University, Pittsburg. Miss Harriet Reitze, '93, has resumed her work at Germantown, Pa., as professor of mathematics. Miss Nannie Jones, '86, Kappa Alpha Theta, is instructor in German, Latin and French at Parker Institute, Allegheny, Pa. 58 THE CAMPUS. Jagamost, '94, is employed by the Westing- house Machine Co. A. J. Echols, '93, is principal of the New Castle High School. Arthur Staples, '94, is in Drew Theological Seminary, Madison, N. J. A. J. Calvin, '94, is in the U. P. Theological Seminary, Allegheny, Pa. John Gibson, '92, and Miss Dickson, '94, were married last August. T. H. Douthitt, '93, is advance agent for Williams, a Shakesperian reader. Miss Amanda Edson, '94, Kappa Alpha Theta, is assistant teacher in the primary department of the North Ward school, Mead- ville, Pa. SraternitB news. The Phi Psis entertained their friends in their rooms Monday evening, October 1st. Alpha Chi Omega initiated Miss Helen Edsall and Miss Fay Barnaby, October i8th. The Delta's first initiation took place Thurs- day, October 16. The victims were Clyde Knapp and Clarence Andrews. The following men have been initiated by the Phi Kappa Psi. Stewart, Smith, Unger, Reeder, Ryan, Cole, Myers, VanCamp, Curtis, Pickett, Sargent. Messrs. Sheick and Townley left Thursday as delegates from Pi chapter, for the national convention of Phi Gamma Delta to be held this week under the auspices of the Ohio State University chapter at Columbus, Ohio. Kappa Kappa Gamma initiated Margaret Kramer, Mazie Colter and Grace Borland and pledged Lottie Guinn and Elizabeth Mc- Cracken. After the labors were over good appetites were brought to a pleasant banquet, after which flash light groups were taken by Dr. Montgomery. Ike olle~e Wordol. (Excf7artges. " The ever wakeful echo here doth dwell."—Fay. Next to foot ball, the principal theme of discussion in the editorial columns of our con- temporaries is the adoption of the cap and gown as a uniform for upper class men. The Daily Cardinal, U. of W., answers some objections to the idea : It is said that the wearing of the cap and gown is merely a form, that it means nothing and that it is a relic of a past age. But it seems sometimes that too few relics of past ages have come down to us. That a thing is old does not imply that it is bad ; on the con- trary, any custom which has lived for any time must have a great deal that is good in it. The cap and gown is not a mere worship of for- malism but a recognition of the difference between the college and the outside world. It is the once distinctive college custom and for this alone it should be retained. But looking at the matter from the modern standpoint there is much to commend the cap and gown. It is cheap and therefore recommends itself to the poor student who has none too much to spend at the close of his college course. It is demo- ct atic and so is in keeping with the true university spirit which does not recognize, even out- wardly, the differences which wealth may give. The Notre Dame Scholastic has the follow- ing to say concerning the compulsory use of the cap and gown : If such a law was passed, not even the reasons alleged for its enactment will save it from the charge of being stupid. The mere desire to spare the less wealthy students the embarrassment of graduating in plain garments, while their more fortunate brethren are decked in purple and fine linen, is not a sufficient reason why all the members of the University should be compelled to adopt a common uniform, which is to be worn at all times. Could not this end be gained by compelling the Senior class to array themselves in classic garb only on commencement day? And the further objection to difference in shades of cloth and cut of garments is really silly. It is, indeed, hard to see how any style of dress will make laggards more studious. No one doubts that the cap and gown is picturesque. We confess to a strong liking for the costume, and should be glad to see its adoption among all the colleges—but to be worn on state occasions only. There are decided objections to it as a part of daily dress. It is a positive discomfort in cold weather, and is far from being an ideal outdoor costume. Gowns are worn by the faculty at different universities in the United THE CAMPUS. 59 States, and are being adopted by many of the students. The extent of the custom shows that it is not a fad, but that it is based on common sense and the needs of students. Some interesting facts are given in an article published some time ago in the University Magazine. Gowns are worn by the president and faculty at the universities of Chicago and Brown. The Oxford bachelor's gown is worn at Harvard, Dartmouth, Tufts, Union, Beloit, Lafayette, University of Vermont, Dickinson, Wesleyan, Southwestern Presbyterian Univer- sity, New York, Napa, Livingston and Trinity. A modified form of this same gown is worn at Yale and Williams. The ladies' gowns are worn at Wellesley, Wells, Mount Holyoke, Elmira and others. Still other forms of the gown are worn at Chicago, Franklin, and Marshall, Hampden-Sidney and Biddle. The wearing of the cap and gown has also been made compulsory at Northwestern. The extent of the costume shows that it is not a fad but that it is based on common sense and the needs of the students. The writer in the University Review says, " The gown uniforms a body of scholars, overcoming the nondescript dress of any considerable number of men or women. On the score of economy it saves many a young man or woman considerable expenditure at the end of a course, when there is the least to spend but when it is desirable to make the best appearance. In colleges where gowns are worn throughout the year, the plainest suits or dresses may be worn beneath them. The general adoption of the cap and gown for appropriate occasions throughout the year, for general wear, or wear during the few weeks around com- mencement time, has been no suprise to one who has watched for ten years the growth of this custom which embodies both beauty and utility."—The Daily Cardinal. Mount Union was the first college in the United States to admit women on an equality with men. The Denison Coilege faculty has forbidden its students more than three public foot ball games this season. The Syracuse University Sophomore and Freshman classes substituted a foot ball game for the usual cane rush. The new American University at Washing- ton has already received $4,000,000 in dona- tions beside a $500,000 site given by the city. What a perfectly lovely thing 'twould be How the world would fill with light, If " The Heavenly Twins " would sail away On " Ships That Pass in the Night." —N. Y. World. In an East Texas town there is a school run by two teachers, Smith and Huggs. Smith teaches the boys and Huggs, the girls.--Selected. POND'S ÷ EXTRACT. CTIONS r(114', .L33:WE 10531111' 4),„. Tr?r co7 11.41:F tacit lii.EwinalgLia IT IS INVALUABLE FOR Rheumatism, Wounds, rivnises, Hoarseness, Sore Throat, Piles, Sore dyes, Catarrh, All Pain and Inflammations and Hemorrhages. BEWARE of imposition. Take POND'S EXTRACT only. POND'S EXTRACT CO., 76 Fifth Ave., New York. m3rtil.7_,IALTT STITIDELTT. Head of the class, perfect recitations and examinations, envied by all. To attain such honor a good memory is nec- essary. The new physiological discovery—Memory Re- storative Tablets, quickly and permanently increase the memory two to ten fold and greatly augment intellectual power. Difficult Studies, lectures, etc., easily mastered; truly marvelous, highly endorsed, your success assured. Price $1.00 postpaid. Send for circular. MEMORY TABLET CO., 114 5th Ave., N. Y. QUITABLE LIFE ASSURANCE SO- CIETY OF NEW YORK. Assets - $169,056,396 Surplus, - $33,366,750 Income in 1803, - - - - $42,022,605 Apply for Information regarding kinds of contracts to J. F. O'DANIEL, District Agent, MEADVILLE, PA. H E. WILSON, Member of American Ticket Brokers Association. TICKET OFFICE, 223 Chestnut Street, Meadville, Pa. SAVE MONEY WHEN YOU TRAVEL. I have had 22 years experience in the ticket brokerage bus-iness. I sell tickets anywhere and everywhere cheaper than they can be bought elsewhere. Call on or write me before you take your trip. The Leading Athletes say that all Soreness, Stiff- ness or Swelling is Pre- vented or almost instan- taneously removed, if af- ter exercising, the muscles are thoroughly rubbed with S UTRA PJND'S EXTRACT. THE CAMPUS. POWERFUL I MELLOW I ENDURING I ARTISTIC I TRUE SYMPATHETIC GRACEFUL I The Sweetest Music requires LYON & HEALY, MAKERS, 195 TO 201 WABASH AVE., CHICAGO. I ARTISTIC I SYMPATHETIC TRUE 1 GRACEFUL I POWERFUL I MELLOW I ENDURING "Do the Real" You can BAKER & LORZ, LEADING Merchant Tailors of Gents' rmishers. No. 933 Water Street. Meadville, Pa. NICK C. KRESS. FINE BARBERING. 932 Market St. HENRY DREUTLEIN. FINE CIGARS. Chestnut Street, Meadville. yourself as easily with a Kodak as with any other camera—an illustrated man- ual, free with every Kodak, tells how in terms that the merest novice can under- stand ; but if you prefer "You Press the Button, We do the Rest." EASTMAN KODAK CO. KODAKS Rochester, $6.00 to $100. N. Y. Send for Catalogue. Guitars, aillbUrill143VADS9 reer-r is's Zithers. BEST IN THE WORLD Washburn Instruments differ from all others — in almost every essential they present great improvements. They are the product of the largest musical factories in the world, and are sold in greater numbers than all other high grade brands combined. To get the genuine Washburn see that the name Geo.Washburn is burned on inside Send for a beautiful Sold by all Music Dealers. Souvenir Catalogue— From $22 upward. Prices contains portraits of exactly the same every- ,' 90 leading artists. where. I- a. S >- (/) U I- 4 cc 0 z La 0 2 POWE RFUL Safest, Simplest, Strongest, Solid Top Receiver. MARLIk REPEATING RI FLE5 Lightest, Easiest Working, Most Accurate, Compact, THE CAMPUS. CHAS. VEITH, MERCHANT TAILOR. Dealer in Ready-Made Clothing. 943 Water Street, MEADVILLE, PA. GEORGE S. WAGNER, FASHIONABLE BARBER, 278 Chestnut Street, Meadville, Pa. Under Richmond's Jewelry Store. W B. TOWNSEND, D. D. S., • (SUCCESSOR TO CYRUS SEE, D. D. S.) Room No. 7, Phoenix Block. Office Hours - 9 a m. to 12:30 p.m., 1:3o to 5 p.m. Most Modern and progressive For catalogue or information write to THE MARLIN FIRE ARMS CO., New Haven, Conn. \ A . S. MINNIUM, V V PROPRIETOR OF CITY FRUIT HOUSE, MEADVILLE, PA. HE PHCENIX HOTEL. ALL MODERN CONVENIENCES. Best Furnished Hotel in the City. Rates, $1.50 and $2.00. W. A. BAKER, PROPR. ± ++++4 4--:.++++++ +++4++++ +4+4+ +++1-4+-4-4-4-4 +++4-4 +++++++±± Absolutely Bicycles. the Best. + Superior Material and Scientific Work= + manship. . • + 5 Styles Highest Honors at the World's Columbian Exposition. ~4_ + • Light Weight and 4- + Rigidity. Every Ma= + chinefully warranted Send two.cent stamp for our 24=page Catalogue—A work of Art. Monarch Cycle Company, Retail Salesroom, 280 Wabash Ave. Lake and Halsted Sts., CHICAGO, ILL. ++++++++++++++++++++ 4++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ Sole Agents for the Celebrated Snow Flake and Cascade Flour. No 990 Water Street, Meadville, Pa. TRADE- M If D ENA A NEW LINK CUFF ------ THE CAMPUS. CADETS ATTENTION I the place to OHLMANS5 is rder your Mil- itary- Suit. They make a specialty of making first-class Suits at reasonable prices. If you want a Dress Suit or a Business Suit made to your order or ready made they can please you. Overcoats of all kinds are to be found in their stock. Hats and Furnishing Goods are shown in endless variety. OHLAvVINNS', COMMCIAL BLOBS. Cyr Bookkeeping, Shorthand, Typewriting, Penmanship, and English Normal School. The advantages of this institution are superior to any similar school, while the expenses are one-third less. Good paying positions are se- cured for its graduates. Students can commence at any time. All stu- dents from Allegheny College admitted at half rates. GRAND SPECIAL OFFER —All students purchasing a com- plete scholarship before Jan. 1, 1895, will be presented with a 875 Typewriter Free. This is a high grade machine, the same used in our school and private office. Send for the new Reporter, giving full information. Enclose 2c stamp and address SI ITH & CAMPBELL, Meadville, Pa. THE CHAUTAUQUAN A MONTHLY MAGAZINE. THE ORGAN OF THE C. L. S. C. Historical and Literary. Scientfic and Philosophical. Religious and Practical. PRICE PER YEAR $2.00. IN CLUBS Of FR OR MORE $1,80 EACH. DR. T. L. FLOOD, Editor and Proprietor, MEADVILLE, PA. MR. ANTONIA, WHOLESALE AND RETAIL DEALER IN Aspinwall Bananas and California Fruit, Con- fectionery, Ice Cream, Etc. Ask for Tenney's Fine Candies in Seals, made by the original Tenney Company. Also, A. M. Tenney's Candies, an imitation of the above genuine goods. Telephone 45. Phoenix Block, Chestnut St., Meadville, Pa. J. M. ROBINSON. H. S. ROBINSON. GROCERIES AND PROVISIONS, J. M. ROBINSON & SON, BUY YOUR CLOTHING AT JACOB SCHOENFELD'S, The King Clothier. CHAS. CH INN. BAGGAGE. Leave orders at Phoenix Hotel. L.L. LORD, PLUMBING, Gas, Steam and Hot Water Fitting, 934 and 936 Market Street, MEADVILLE, PA. FRANK A. STRIFFLER. NEWTON S. TIFFANY. STRIFFLER & TIFFANY. Dealers in FURNITURE AND CARPETS. Undertaking a Specialty. Frank A. Striffler, Funeral Director. 90f WATER ST., MEADVILLE, PENNA. G I aorps ,S3fee[ 'teens. GOLD MEDAL, PARIS, 1889. His Celebrated Numbers, 303-404-170-604-332, and his other styles may be had Of all dealers throughout the world. Joseph Gillott & Sons, New York. THE CAMPUS. HAT ES. Now is the time to buy PIANOS AND ORGANS As never before. DROP IN PRICES. Call at Derickson Block, Near the Diamond. Chickering & Sons took the highest award for Pianos at the World's Fair. Bates sells these matchless instruments. 303 Chest- nut street. Kimball received a very high award for his Pianos at the World's Fair. Bates sells these fine instruments. If you want a high grade Piano at a moderate price go to Bates, 303 Chestnut street, Meadville, Pa. Carpets, Curtails, Wall Paper. JOHN J. SH R YOCK, MEADVILLE' PA THE MODEL BAKERY OF MEADVILLE, PA. A Specialty made of First-class Goods. 884 Market Street. Telephone No. 63. CHAS. J. RIEPERT, Proprietor. ONEIDA MARKET. COGSWELL, EATON & GAY. JOSEPH POPNEV, Manager. 216 Chestnut St., MEADVILLE, PA. A. M. FULLER. H. H. FULLER. A M. FULLER, & CO., Phcenix Block. Men's wear in White and Natural Wool Underwear, Hos fiery, Unlaundried Shirts, Nightgowns, Silk and Linen Handkerchiefs, Collars and Cuffs. Men's Kid Gloves, Plain and lined; Wool gloves of the best makes, Umbrellas, etc. THE EILER FURNITURE COMPANY KEEP THE LATEST NOVELTIES IN ALL KINDS OF FURNITURE. J Di BENEDITTO, MERCHANT TAILOR, 182 Chestnut Street, Meadville, Pa. CLEANING AND REPAIRING. FARNICORN & MICHEL, FINE MEATS. Market Street, Meadville, Pa. AUGUST KRUEGER, GREENDALE CONSERVATORIES, Branch office, corner Center and Market Streets, MEADVILLE, PA. Special attention g . ven to Floral Designs for Weddings, Parties, Funerals, etc. THE CAMPUS. ALLEGHENY COLLEGE, MEADVILLE, PENNSYLVANIA. FOUNDED IN 1815. EIGHTIETH YEAR.. WILLIAM H. The Faculty is organized as follows : CRAWFORD, D. D., President. Philosophy and Christian Evidences. J. H. MONTGOMERY, Ph. D., Physics and Chemistry. J. W. THOMAS, Ph. D., French and German. W. T. DUTTON, C. E., Civil Engineering and Mathematics. F. J. KOESTER, zd Lieut., roth U. S. Cavalry, Military Science. HELEN W. LAFFER, A. M., Lady Principal. W. A. ELLIOTT, A. M., Greek Language and Literature. EMORY B. LEASE, Ph. D , Latin Language and Literature. JOHN W. PERRIN, Ph. D., History and Political Economy. C. L. WALTON, A. M., Assistant in Science. C. F. ROSS, A. M., Principal of Preparatory School. BLANCHE BEST, Elocution. MARIANA YOUNG, A. M., Instructor in Latin. F. LEROY HOMER, Tutor. F. A. ELLIOTT, Tutor. Three Courses of Undergraduate Study. CLASSICAL, LATIN AND MODERN LANGIJA0113 AND SCHINTIFIC. Each Course Leading to the A. B. Degree. The first includes both Latin and Greek ; the second includes Latin, with German and French but not Greek ; the third includes no Latin after the Freshman year, but constitutes wide range of Scientific study with French and German. In all courses liberal electives are allowed after the Freshman year. A good course in Civil Engineering with a large amount of field and practical work. A Military Department under the charge of a United States officer and a graduate of West Point. Best facilities for Musical Culture. Thorough Preparatory School of high grade. All departments equipped for thorough work. The College offers equal advantages to both sexes. a safe, healthful and inexpensive home for young ladies. Wilcox Hall of Science, is a new building occupied for the first time the past year. It is devoted entirely to the Scisntific Department, being perfectly adapted to that purpose, and fitted with the latest and best appliances. The extensive and costly chemical and physical laboratories are in this building. For Catalogue or other information, address, President WILLIAM H. CRAWFORD, MEADVILLE, P.A. Beever R hester Tionesta Burlington Pir Paris Dundas TR, Cre Stony St. Catharine ~c, Brantford Caledonia Montrose Jc• 4 R Simcoe Por Dove Port Rowan S larnanca CRANESVILLE Albion Pennside Shadeland EXPOSITION OUNO ectuf e. Corry nion Cy, Tryon ville Sheffield ME VI LLE O S Jaluestow OS000 Greenvil A SHENANGO nsfer saaarrPer Kremis. vreacm' • Stonebor so, Franklin E Oil City New G' N. C. Fox, burK arker Hornevood RAI LROAD. 7 00d " ARPSBUREI ITTSBU H PENN . Blairsville Greensburg Johnstown Butler W. a T. PTG. CO , THE CAMPUS. THE P., S. & L. E. R. R. The ONLY ROUTE reach- ing the most attractive Summer Resort in Western Pennsylvania, CONNEAUT LAKE. Becoming more popular every season. Special Inducements for Picnics and Camping Parties 3 Through Fast Trains Each Way Daily From Erie, Butler, Green- ville, Meadville, and Conneaut, 0. Foriparticulars and maps call on nearest Agent, or write W. G. SARGEANT, Gen. Pass. and Ticket Agent, Meadville, Pa. THE CAMPUS. RICE & KOHLER, FINE FOOT WEAR. 2 0 6 Chestnut St., Meadville, Pa. A. Rs FOWLER, P HOTOGRAPHER. Photographs in Every Style. Prices to Suit the Times. Picture Frames for Sale. Orders Taken for Crayon and Ink. 949 Water Street, Meadville, Pa D1LLEY & MOYER, Lunch Room and Restaurant. STUDENTS WELCOME. 177 Chestnut Street, Meadville, Pa. FISKE & SCHWARTZMAN, HEADQUARTERS FOR COLLEGE BOOKS AND STATIONERY. Under Commercial Hotel, Meadville, Pa. Meadville Conservatory of laic. CONNECTED WITH Alleillelly College and Meadville Business College, A thorough four years' course similar to those of the rest schools of music of Europe or America. Embraces Piano, Organ, Voice, Harmony, Theory, Composition, Orchestration—All Reed, String and Brass Instruments. A large and excellent Faculty. Music is allowed as an elective study in the regular Latin and Modern Language course of Allegheny College. Students can enter at any time. MRS. JUVIA C. HULL, Director. BUDD HOUSE, Meadville, Pa. RATES, $2.00 PER DAY. J. H. REESE, PROPR. J, A. KLOPFENSTEIN, PH. G. A. L. BOUSH, PH G. illopfenstein Hough, druggists and Apothecaries, Corner Market and Chestnut Streets, MEADVILLE,PA. PURE DRUGS .A. 1fD FINEST CHEMICALS. The compounding of Physicians' Prescriptions and House- hold Receipts a Specialty. TRIBUNE PUBLISHING CO., MEADVILLE, PA. BOOK AND PAMPHLET PRINTING, COMMERCIAL STATIONERY, ETC. RULING AND BINDING. PUblishers of THE MORNING TRIBUNE, IO CtS. 'a Week. THE EVENING REPUBLICAN. THE WEEKLY TRIBUNE- REPUBLICAN. LARGEST CIRCULATING MEDIUM IN CRAW- FORD COUNTY. 0 ii ce, 908 Water Street, Second Floor, The Campus. WE AIM NOT TO MOULD PUBLIC OPINION BUT TO SCRAPE THE MOULD OFF OF IT. VoL. XI., No. 3. ALLEGHENY COLLEGE, MEADVILLE, PA., OCTOBER 27, 1894. NEW SERIES Ede Economic Value of 23irZ)s. Out of the dim mists of antiquity birds have come down to us, winging their way through the ages - and, like Noah's dove, bearing mes- sages of hope and comfort. From the earliest dawn of history down even to the present day, the flight of birds has been watched by men eager to lift the veil from the future and learn its dark secrets. They have entered largely into the myths and folk-lore of all nations and have been represented in an endless variety of forms, from the wonderful Phoenix of the Greeks to the beautiful Red Swan of the North American Indians. Poets in every land have sung their praises and none more sweetly than our own Longfellow in his charming "Birds of Killingworth." Even the most practical man admits that they have their uses, but these are generally supposed to be to furnish food, clothing or sport to mankind, and further than this, they are thought to be of little value. It is the object of the present paper to call attention to some of the ways in which birds are directly useful to man. No account will be taken of their commercial value—that is, the value of their eggs and flesh for food and their feathers for dress and ornament. If, indeed " the life is more than meat," then these are higher utilities than mere ministries to the stomach and there are nobler uses for birds than simply supplying man's physical wants and adding to his material com- fort and enjoyment. Peach blossoms are harbingers of the delicious fruit, but why come in such brilliant livery ? The peach itself would be as sweet without its rosy tints. The clouds of Heaven could perform all their use- ful functions without the gorgeous colors and shifting scenery that make the sky so won- rously beautiful. So far as the material benefit conferred is concerned, birds would have been as useful with harsh voices, awkward motions, uncouth forms, and dull, uninteresting colors. But instead of such animals we see creatures covered with a " plumage softer than the tex- tures of cashmere and more brilliant than the dyer's richest hues," whose forms are the most graceful in nature, whose " flight is the poetry of motion," whose household words are songs in many keys," and whose "songs are but broken melodies that they glean from the harps above." Surely there is a use for all this beauty and melody ! Is it not intended to cheer and inspire man in his labors ? As the soldier fights better under the martial influence of fife and drum, so we may gather strength and inspiration from the songs and activities of the birds. What lessons we may learn from their industry, their personal neatness, their cheerfulness ! How much pleasure do we derive from the presence of these " wondrous beings " " whose habitations in the tree-tops even, are half-way houses on the road to Heaven." Having called attention to the higher and less tangible uses of birds, let us turn to the more material side of the subject and consider for a few moments some of the direct benefits conferred by these little brothers of the air. Nature is not a tangle of threads promis- cuously thrown together, but a carefully woven web, every fiber of which is an essential part of the whole beautiful design. No part of it is independent but all the different elements are intimately connected and mutually dependent upon each other for beauty and utility. It is like a delicate piece of machinery, carefully 48 THE CAMPUS. adjusted and regulated. As a watch will keep correct time only when properly balanced, so the work of nature is best performed only when the arrangement and adjustment of its parts is not disturbed. If one species of plant or animal were allowed to increase without check, other species would be crowded out, the balance of nature would be disturbed, and its harmonious working impaired. To prevent this, animals have been organized to prey upon each other. Throughout the whole animal kingdom, the weaker falls a victim to the stronger, the lower to the higher. And here we notice one of the most important uses of birds—to preserve a balance in annual production, especially in respect to insects. The reproductive energy of insects is almost miraculous, and when their increase is unchecked, the damage done by their ravages is often enormous. It has been proven that a single individual of Aphides, or plant lice, may become the progenitor of six thousand millions Aphides in five generations or about two months, and one female Y. moth may produce 16,000,000 caterpillars in a single year. The vast swarms of locusts in the East and of grass- hoppers in the western part of the United States is well known. The loss occasioned by the ravages of insects is as appalling as their numbers. In France, 200,000 rose trees were lost by one florist in two years from the larvae of the cockchafer ; in the Harty mountains, 1,500,000 trees were killed in a few years by a bark-boring beetle. In our own country, from five to ten million bushels of wheat alone are annually destroyed by insects and the total annual loss from this source probably does not fall far short of $25,000,000. All this enor- mous loss would be prevented if the numerous insect tribes were properly kept in check. If the necessity of preserving a balance in annual production and of preventing an undue increase of any one species, has been shown, let us now consider the utility of birds as insect destroyers. The great majority of land birds feed upon insects during at least a part of the year and very many, as the warblers, wrens, swallows, swifts and orioles, are exclusively insectivorous and subsist entirely upon this diet. It is impossible to form any estimate of the vast number of noxious insects annually destroyed by the birds of any country, but a partial conception may be formed by consider- ing a few indisputable facts. Everyone knows the familiar robin, but few persons have any idea of the enormous appetite of a young robin. Prof. Treadwell, of Cambridge, proved by actual experiment that a young robin con- sumes 140 per cent. of its own weight every day. A young bird in his possession did not begin to increase in weight until he had fed it sixty-eight earth worms in twelve hours, the worms weighing 40 per cent. more than the weight of the bird. Imagine a baby eating twenty-five or thirty pounds of meat and drinking three or four gallons of water in a day ! Other young birds are as voracious as robins. One observer counted 312 visits made by a single pair of martins to their nest con- taining young, in one day. Alexander Wilson, the great ornithologist, estimated that the red wing blackbird alone destroys sixteen billion insects in this country every year. A striking example of direct service rendered by birds occurred at Salt Lake City. About twenty years ago, clouds of grasshoppers, before which the crops were destroyed, as by fire, descended on the western states and territories. The scorge was especially severe in Utah and the food supply of the Mormon community was threatened with destruction. At this moment of their greatest peril, large flocks of beautiful snow white gulls appeared. They came from no one knows where and settled all over the land, devouring almost without ceasing the hordes of the destroyer. The crops were saved, all Deseret rejoiced, and the Salt Lake prophet solemnly declared that the Lord had sent these beautiful winged messengers to save his chosen people. It would be well for themselves if THE CAMPUS. 49 Christian people believed as the Latter Day Saints and equally protected and cherished other winged messengers sent just as truly to protect their crops. By the combined work of the thousands of birds dispersed everywhere throughout the land, untold multitudes of insects are destroyed, which, but for the birds, would cause immense damage to vegetation. The picture drawn by Longfellow in the " Birds of Killingworth " is a true one and not a mere poetic fancy. Many instances could be cited in which a plague of insects was the direct result of a ruthless slaughter of the insectivorous birds. When the game laws were repealed in France under the First Republic, the people pursued even the song birds almost to the verge of extermina- tion. The result was inevitable. " In the orchards fed Myraids of caterpillars and around The cultivated fields and garden beds Hosts of destroying insects crawled and found No foe to check their march till they had made The land a desert without leaf or shade." And not until the people came to their senses and protected the birds was the plague stayed and the disturbed balance of nature restored to equilibrium. Many more facts might be given to prove the usefulness of birds as insect destroyers, but enough has been said to show that they are indispensable factors in the economy of nature for the protection of vegetable life from the ravages of insect hordes. Birds are also useful in destroying large num- bers of animals injurious to the farmer. Great damage is done to meadows by mice, and throughout the West hundreds of acres of corn are annually destroyed by gophers, squirrels, and other rodents. By their activity in destroy- ing these foes of agriculture, those generally despised and hated birds, the hawks and owls, have proven themselves most excellent friends of the farmer. The United States government has very carefully investigated the food habits of these birds, and has found that of the seventy- three species and sub-species of hawks and owls in this country, only six are decidedly injurious. Of these six species, three are very rare and one is the Osprey, which is detri- mental only to fish ponds. Of the remaining sixty-seven species, more than two thousand stomachs were examined. Of this number, 56 per cent. contained the remains of mice and other small mammals, 27 per cent. contained insects, and only 3 per cent. contained poultry or game. The well known screech owl, which is usually killed whenever a chance is offered, feeds almost exclusively upon mice and insects. In the West the squrriel hawk has won its name by its constant warfare upon that per- nicious rodent. Yet so little is known con- cerning the food habits of these birds that in the year 1885 the great state of Pennsylvania disgraced herself by passing a law placing a bounty on hawks and owls. During the eigh- teen months in which the "scalp act " was in force, over $1oo,000 was paid for bounties, of which sum not less than $75,000 was paid for hawks and owls. Crawford county has the " bad pre-eminence " of paying the largest amount of bounty, having been forced to make an outlay of over $ t o,000. Careful scientists have estimated that the actual loss to the state, considering the economic value of these birds, amounted to nearly $5,000,000. What a com- ment on the wisdom of our legislators. But other birds than those already mentioned render good service in destroying noxious animals. The stork, which feeds largely upon small reptiles, is protected everywhere through- out Europe and the Secretary bird of South Africa has become famous from its habit of attacking and destroying all sorts of serpents, both non-venomous and venomous. Useful as birds are in preserving a balance in animal production, they have still other claims upon us for services rendered. Many birds feed exclusively upon fruits and seeds, and the amount of weed seeds annually destroyed by this means is very large. It has 50 THE CAMPUS. been estimated that a single species destroys sixty million bushels of noxious seeds in one year in the state of Iowa alone. What a vast amount must all the species in all the states consume annually. It is true, some birds, as the Rice bird of the South, severely damage grain fields ; but the service they render more than compensates for the injury they inflict and who would wish to kill the gay, rollicking Bobolink, enlivening our meadows and rising from "the long grass on wings tangled with music," in order to prevent the same bird from eating a few grains of rice on a Southern plantation. The service rendered by birds acting as scavengers in warm countries, is almost inesti- mable. In our Southern cities, vultures are almost as abundant and familiar as English sparrows, and are everywhere protected, either by law or by public sentiment. These birds devour the garbage and offal which is con- stantly thrown into street, and which, if left to decay under the hot Southern sun, would surely breed disease and pestilence. It is safe to say that if it were not for these feathered scavengers, the death rate in hot countries, especially in cities, would be vastly greater than it is. Other birds are also u.eful in this respect. At Great Salt Lake in Utah the same Gulls that saved the land from the plague of grasshoppers, still save it from the plague of disease, by eating the dead fish on the shore of the lake. The fish, brought into the lake by the fresh water streams, are at once killed by the salt water, and what would become of the human inhabitants if these dead bodies were left for the sun to dispose of may perhaps be imagined. Surely the Gull should be held sacred in Utah ! Another important function is performed by birds in their office of distributors of both animal and vegetable germs. Many seeds pass through the stomachs of birds with their vitality unimpaired and are thus widely scattered over the earth. Doubtless this is one of the most efficient means for the dispersion of plants throughout a region. Again, birds often carry seeds attached to their feathers. Darwin speaks of a lump of earth weighing six and one-half ounces which adhered to the leg of a wounded partridge. The earth was kept three years, but when broken, watered and placed_ under a belt glass, no less than eighty-two plants sprang from it. Perhaps this was an unusual case, but we must believe that seeds are often thus transported from place to place. Water fowls also carry the eggs of fish from one body of water to another and thus serve a useful purpose in stocking lakes and ponds. Thus we see that in many ways birds are directly beneficial to man not only in an aesthetic but even in the most material sense. They minister to his health and prosperity not less than to his pleasure and enjoyment ; they charm the eye and ear with beauty and melody and at the same time render most sub- stantial aid and beneficial service. They are our servants and friends and, as such, deserve to be cared for and protected. F. LEROY HOMER. Story of a Commonplace fife. BY HANNAH HENSON. Heroes and heroines have caused panegeries to be uttered in song and story for their bravery and courage at critical moments. Heroes of war who gave their lives for their country have been praised and had costly monuments reared to their memory. Heroines who have saved trains from being hurled to destruction through broken bridges by waving a crimson scarf have had medals presented for their courage and presence of mind. Ida Lewis is honored among women because of the many lives she has saved from shipwreck on the sea. John Maynard has been lauded in verse for standing by his helm amidst the scorching flames, to bring the passengers safely to land while his heroic life was offered a sac- rafice to ransom those who were on board the